向量优化中改进集的一些拓扑性质

研究了改进集的拓扑闭包的一些性质,提出了它的一些等价刻画,对一些已有结果作了改进和推广.通过一些具体例子对主要结果进行了说明.     

SiO2纳米粒子制备及自组装光学性能

运用溶胶一凝胶法制备了不同粒径单分散SiO2纳米微球,垂直沉积法制备了SiO2三维光子晶体薄膜．通过SEM研究了SiO2光子晶体的微观结构,探讨了薄膜内裂痕形成原因与克服办法．通过分光光度计测定了光子晶体的带隙位置,与理论计算相吻合．光子晶体带隙随着SiO2微球粒径增加带隙红移．     

掺有定形相变胶囊的储能墙体传热性能数值研究

为了充分发挥相变墙体的调温节能效果,以掺有定形相变胶囊的储能墙体及其构成的相变房间为对象,并考虑室内空气的热响应,建立相变墙体及房间的传热理论模型.采用显热容法模拟了在周期性变化的室外边界条件下,相变储能墙体内的传热过程及室内空气的温度变化.计算结果表明:储能墙体中的相变胶囊含量是影响室内空气温度衰减的重要因素之一.相变材料最佳相变中心温度宜尽量接近墙体相变层中心温度,相变温度波动幅度的大小仅影响室内空气温度的波动区间,而对振荡的平衡温度影响较弱.     

高速铁路HRBF500钢筋混凝土圆端形桥墩抗震性能试验研究

为了研究纵筋采用500 MPa级细晶粒钢筋的高速铁路圆端形桥墩的抗震性能,对4个配置HRBF500钢筋和1个配置HRB335钢筋的圆端形桥墩试件进行了拟静力试验.试验参数主要包括纵筋强度、轴压比、配筋率和箍筋加密区的拉筋数量.试验结果表明:配置HRBF500钢筋的圆端形桥墩抗震性能变化规律与配置HRB335钢筋的圆端形桥墩基本相同;配置HRBF500钢筋可以显著减少桥墩纵向钢筋的用量,提高桥墩的承载力并具有良好的抗震延性;增加轴压比或提高配筋率均可提高桥墩的承载力,但同时也会减小其变形能力;在墩底箍筋加密区增加拉筋的数量可明显提高桥墩的延性.研究表明,配置HRBF500钢筋的圆端形桥墩具有良好的抗震性能,可在高速铁路工程中安全应用.     

Preparation and catalytic performance of Fe-SBA-15 and FeO x /SBA-15 for toluene combustion

High-surface-area and well-ordered mesopor- ous Fe-incorporated SBA-15 （xFe-SBA-15） and SBA-15- supported FeOx （yFeOx/SBA-15） with the Fe surface den- sity between 0.09 to 1.11 Fe-atom/nm2 have been prepared using the one-step synthesis and incipient wetness impregnation methods, respectively. Physicochemical properties of these materials were characterized by means of numerous techniques, and their catalytic activities for the combustion of toluene were evaluated. It is found that the xFe-SBA-15 and yFeOx/SBA-15 samples possessed rod- or chain-like morphologies. The Fe species were of high dispersion when the Fe surface density was lower than 0.76 Fe-atom/nm2 in xFe-SBA-15 and 0.64 Fe-atom/nm2 in yFeOx/SBA-15. At a similar Fe surface density and space velocity, the xFe-SBA-15 catalysts showed better activity than the yFeOJSBA-15 catalysts, in which the xFe-SBA- 15 catalyst with Fe surface density 0.59 Fe-atom/nm2 performed the best. It is concluded that the good perfor- mance of the xFe-SBA-15 sample with Fe surface density 0.59 Fe-atom/nm2 was associated with its large surface area, high Fe species dispersion, and good low-temperature reducibility.     

Monitoring dynamic changes of global land cover types:fluctuations of major lakes in China every 8 days during 2000–2010

Remote sensing images can be used to delineate variations in the area of lakes and to assess the influence of environmental changes and human activities.However,because lakes are dynamic,results obtained from individual images acquired on a single date are not representative and do not accurately reflect ongoing changes.In this study,we used 8-day moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)composite data from 2000 to2010 to map water surface changes over 629 lakes in China.We combined automatic extraction of training data and support vector machine classification to derive the spatial distribution of these large water bodies.The producer’s and user’s accuracies for MODIS images were91.06%and 89.81%,respectively,when compared with interpretation results from 30 m resolution Landsat images taken on similar days.Area changes,variability,inundation intensity,and rainy seasons of the 629 lakes were analyzed based on this multi-temporal lake database.The total area of the 629 lakes increased over the study period,primarily as a result of the expansion of lake areas on the Tibetan Plateau.There were 12 lakes with a maximum area[1,000 km2,and six of these decreased in area from 2000to 2010.The shrinkages of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake were-54.76 and-25.08 km2/a,respectively.The area of lakes on Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,northeastern Inner Mongolia,and northeastern China varied little,while lakes on the Yangtze Plain,in southern Inner Mongolia,and central Xinjiang fluctuated considerably.Inundation intensity increased for lakes on the Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,Heilongjiang,and Jilin,while inundation extent decreased in central Xinjiang,southern Tibet,southern Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,and on the Yangtze Plain.This study is an attempt to develop high-frequency specific land cover maps to improve applicability of general land cover maps.The lake products serve as an important supplement to hydrologic data.The lake database enables the generation of new land surface process models,which could improve the precision of simulations,based on more accurate observations of dynamic lake systems.     

Progress of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling mediated by PyBroP

In the transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, phenol and enol derivatives activated by phos- phorus groups are very important electrophiles. This kind of compounds has the advantages of easy preparation, great stability, and producing more benign phosphorus by-pro- ducts. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the advances made over the past several decades in this area. Cross-coupling reactions mediated by PyBroP are first surveyed, then two types of recently developed tran- sition metal-catalyzed reactions, i.e., Pd-catalyzed and Ni- catalyzed reactions, and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. Finally, future directions are analyzed.     

河南省三门峡市大气降水酸碱度变化分析及对策探讨

利用三门峡市2007—2011年5年酸雨测量资料及其他有关资料,采用气候倾向率、加权平均法等统计学方法,分析了三门峡市大气降水酸碱度的变化特征及酸雨与降水量、风速、风向、云状、雾等气象条件的关系,并对酸雨影响因素进行分析.结果表明:近5年三门峡市降水的平均pH值为5.2;pH5.6的酸性降水出现比率为57.2%;采暖期的11月—3月pH值较低,平均为5.10,其中12月最低,只有4.39,达到了4.5≤pH5.6的弱酸性降水标准;非采暖期的4月—10月pH值较高,平均为5.21,其中6月份最高为6.13.根据分析结果,提出相应的对策.     

压电智能传感器力学模型的建立及数值模拟

以单片压电陶瓷(如锆钛酸铅,简称PZT)晶体、粘贴式和埋入式压电传感器为研究对象,从压电本构方程和结构动力学的振动原理出发,采用集总质量法推导出PZT传感器正压电效应的电荷表达式及等效刚度表达式,建立粘贴式和埋入式PZT传感器的简化力学模型,得到考虑多参数影响的电荷表达式.考虑黏结胶层阻尼吸收能量的作用,建立了胶层阻尼效应影响的传感模型,并求得压电传感器的电压表达式.数值模拟结果表明:在PZT传感模型中,利用压电方程和振动方程联合求解可以快速得到PZT的传感信号,而且PZT片的电压输出特性与作用力的大小及黏结胶层有关.通过测量和分析PZT传感器输出电信号峰值与频率的变化,并与数值分析结果进行对比,证明了运用所建立的传感模型能够有效地模拟检测PZT的正压电规律.     

一种基于对抗的安全软件安全性分析方法

为了检验安全软件的自身安全性,提出了一套安全软件安全性评价指标,包括进程保护、文件保护、网络通信保护、Rootkit深度检测、免杀对抗、文件重定向攻击和驱动加载防御等.首先对每一项标准进行了实际的分析证明,确定了标准对于安全软件的重要性,然后制定了具体的安全性定量计算方法,通过对六款反病毒软件进行了实际测试和结果分析,论证了本方法的有效性.